Flagellum example sentences

"Flagellum" Example Sentences

1. The flagellum is an appendage that aids locomotion in bacteria.
2. The flagellar filament is a spiral helix assembled from flagellin proteins.
3. The flagellum rotates to propel the bacterium through fluids.
4. The basal body anchors the flagellum to the cell membrane.
5. The flagellar hook connects the filament to the basal body.
6. The hook and filament proteins must match for the flagellum to function.
7. The flagellum is a whip-like appendage that aids locomotion in cells.
8. The filament of the bacterial flagellum acts as a propeller.
9. The flagellum is powered by a rotary motor within the cell membrane.
10. The bacterial flagellum allows motile bacteria to swim toward nutrients.
11. The bacterial flagellum is shorter and more flexible than eukaryotic flagella.
12. The bacterial hook protein helps assemble the flagellum filament.
13. A single bacterium can have multiple flagella along its cell surface.
14. The protozoan flagellum has a classic "9+2" microtubule arrangement.
15. The flagellum beat frequency determines the organism's swimming speed.
16. Several flagella can coordinate to provide more powerful propulsion.
17. Many sperm cells have a single flagellum for locomotion and fertilization.
18. The evolution of the bacterial flagellum is hypothesized through several stages.
19. Flagellar rotation is driven by proton or sodium ion flux across the membrane.
20. Some motile bacteria cannot swim in highly viscous fluids due to the flagellum.
21. The cylindrical morphology of the bacterial filament aids in propulsion.
22. Eukaryotic flagella require ATP to power dynein motor proteins within the axoneme.
23. Movement of the flagellar axoneme bends the flagellum to generate force.
24. The flagellar apparatus is assembled through a regulated protein-export pathway.
25. Anti-flagellin antibodies can interfere with flagellum function and motility.
26. Flagella staining is a common technique to image bacterial motility.
27. The orientation of the flagellum determines the direction of bacterial swimming.
28. Anti-bacterial drugs can target the flagellum to combat motile pathogens.
29. Flagella are often shed from bacteria and used as biosensors and drug delivery vehicles.
30. Flagellar inactivation or loss usually results in reduced virulence and pathogenicity.
31. Cilia and flagella share a common evolutionary origin and similar axoneme structure.
32. Defects in motile cilia cause primary ciliary dyskinesia in humans.
33. Chemotaxis relies on the flagellum to sense chemical gradients and direct movement.
34. Flagellar mutants are often nonmotile and unable to perform chemotaxis.
35. Flagella proteins have been investigated as vaccine candidates for certain bacteria.
36. Several flagellin molecules coat the surface of the filament in a helical manner.
37. The bacterial flagellar motor complex consists of about 20 different protein species.
38. The eukaryotic flagellum origin likely predates the origin of photosynthetic organisms.
39. Flagellar biosynthesis requires coordinated expression of over 50 different genes.
40. Anti-flagellin antibodies are a component of the adaptive immune response to infection.
41. Epitope tagging has helped researchers study flagellum assembly and protein interactions.
42. Mutations in proteins responsible for flagellar hook assembly often cause paralysis.
43. Flagella are thought to have evolved from bacterial type IV pili.
44. Many bacteria can switch between flagellated and aflegellated states.
45. The proton motive force across the membrane drives flagellar rotation.
46. Flagellar motility increases virulence for bacterial pathogens.
47. The flagellum has helped shape the evolutionary trajectory of motile microbes.
48. Flagellar dyskinesia can markedly reduce sperm motility and fertility in males.
49. Eukaryotic flagella and cilia share many structural and functional similarities.
50. The bacterial flagellar base anchors the organelle to the cell's peptidoglycan layer.
51. Flagellar biogenesis is an energetically costly process for bacterial cells.
52. Loss of flagellar motility often attenuates virulence in bacterial pathogens.
53. Assembled flagella can shed from cells and evoke host immune responses.
54. The outer layer of the flagellum filament consists of 11 protofilaments.
55. Recent research has uncovered additional roles for bacterial flagella beyond motility.
56. The eukaryotic flagellum has a "9+2" microtubule configuration within the axoneme.
57. The protein export apparatus spans the inner and outer membranes of gram-negative bacteria.
58. Transcription of flagellar genes is highly regulated to coordinate flagellum assembly.
59. Flagellin is recognized by pathogen pattern recognition receptors on host cells.
60. The basal body attaches the flagellum to the cell membrane via a hook-like structure.

Common Phases

1. The flagellum helps the cell move forward.
2. The flagellum on the sperm cell propels it toward the egg.
3. Bacteria often use multiple flagella to propel themselves.
4. The flagellum rotates and causes the cell to progress in a particular direction.
5. The flagellum whips back and forth quickly, propelling the cell.
6. The bacterium uses its flagella like oars to swim through liquids.
7. During mitosis, the flagella are absorbed back into the cell surface.
8. Some protists use their flagella to feed by creating water currents.
9. As the cell grows, it must produce more flagella.
10. Scientists examined the structure of the bacterial flagellum using an electron microscope.
11. The study of bacterial flagella has provided insight into the origin of cellular structures.
12. The motile alga swims through the water with the help of its biflagellate structure.
13. The flagella were moving very quickly, thrusting the sperm cells forward.
14. The biflagellated protist used its two flagella like paddles to swim in a corkscrew motion.
15. Peritrichous bacteria have multiple flagella evenly distributed over their entire cell surface.
16. The pollen tube has a single flagellum that allows it to grow towards the ovule.
17. Researchers tracked the movements of the flagellum to better understand how it propels the cell.
18. Phosphorylation of certain proteins causes the flagellum to change direction of rotation.
19. Polysaccharide sheaths often cover the flagella of certain bacteria and protists.
20. The flagellum is made of a bundle of filaments within a sheath.
21. The flagellar filament consists primarily of the protein flagellin.
22. The hook connects the filament to the basal body within the cell.
23. ATP is required to power the rotation of the flagellum.
24. The bacterial flagellum is composed of about 25 different protein types.
25. Researchers want to mimic the structure and motion of flagella in the creation of nanoscale machines.
26. Centrioles give rise to cilia and flagella through the basal bodies.
27. The flagellum plays an important role in bacterial chemotaxis.
28. Moving its flagellum in different patterns allows the cell to change direction.
29. The slime mold Dictyostelium uses flagella during its vegetative stage.
30. The flagellar axoneme consists of a ring of microtubules and dynein arms.
31. Cells that lack flagella are referred to as aflagellate.
32. Flagella stain easily with India ink, which makes them visible under the light microscope.
33. The mutations affected the 9+2 structure of the axoneme in the flagellum.
34. The flagella extend from the cell surface through a structure called the flagellar pocket.
35. The switch from circular movement to a run-and-tumble pattern changes the cell's direction of movement.
36. Paramecium uses the beating of cilia and flagella to generate movement and to circulate water around itself.
37. Microtubules and dynein arms slide past one another to cause the bending motion of the flagellum.
38. The flagellum was severed from the cell during centrifugation in the experiment.
39. The periplasmic flagella of spirochaete bacteria lie between the inner and outer cell membranes.
40. Euglena has two flagella that emerge from different locations on the cell body.
41. Research suggests that bacterial flagella share a common evolutionary ancestry with the bacterial type III secretion system.
42. The structure and function of flagella have been conserved throughout evolution.
43. The enzymes required for flagellar biosynthesis are encoded by genes in the genome.
44. Defects in flagellar assembly cause lack of motility and abnormal morphology of flagella in cells.
45. The kinetosomes organize the basal bodies that act as anchors for the flagella.
46. The jointed components of the flagellum allow for flexibility and movement.
47. Many cells resorb their flagella before undergoing cell division.
48. The periplasmic flagellum of spirochaetes is typically endoflagellate.
49. Cilia are shorter and more numerous than flagella and often cover the entire cell surface.
50. The wavelength of flagellar beats is affected by the viscosity of the surrounding medium.
51. An organism that lacks flagella is considered to be nonmotile.
52. Flagella emerge from the plasma membrane through the basal body.
53. The sample contained a mixture of flagellate and aflagellate cells.
54. The motion of flagella contributes to the swimming speed of many unicellular organisms.
55. Molecular motors power the bending and rotation of the flagellar filament.
56. Multiple flagella can fuse together to form a single motile structure called a raft.
57. Many protists possess both cilia and flagella of different lengths.
58. The flagellum is a motility structure present in many types of bacteria and eukaryotic cells.
59. Antibiotics that disrupt the bacterial cell wall also cause flagella to detach from the cell.
60. The absence of flagella usually results in a nonmotile phenotype for many microorganisms.